Musket & Tomahawk: A Military History of the French & Indian War, 1753-1760 (Regiments & Campaigns)

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Indians, most of whom are on the far bank of the Allegheny, cross the river and advance towards the hills. Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Bouquet, c.1755. He was the senior officer after General Forbes in his army during the 1758 campaign. (Print from an unsigned portrait. Author’s photo) The Plan Regimental color of the 60th (Royal American) Regiment, c.1757–60. (Reconstitution. Fort Pitt Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Author’s photo) Tomahawk and Musket – French and Indian Raids in the Ohio Valley 1758 usually tended to have blue or green uniforms for their infantry units rather than red, although there were exceptions. Although the Pennsylvania Quaker population was still demographically important and politically powerful, waves of settlers of other beliefs and origin had also put down roots and prospered in the province. These settlers were not as pacifist as the Quakers and clamored to have some military organization. At the behest of Benjamin Franklin and other prominent men, volunteer armed associations had been formed in the 1740s and, with warfare erupting on the western frontier in the 1750s, concerned citizens pressured their legislature to provide some military aid. At length, compromises were found and provincial troops were allowed to be raised and funded. The Pennsylvania contingent for 1758 was quite large by colonial standards and consisted of three numbered battalions forming the Pennsylvania Provincial Regiment. However, the regiment had no central command and actually operated as three separate and distinct units. The 1st Pennsylvania Battalion was commanded by Colonel John Armstrong, a frontiersman who, two years earlier, had led a daring and successful raid on Some examples include; your officer being drunk, not wanting to get a new uniform dirty, having a brilliant Commander who has to die, not being the first to initiate hostilities, not having any units rout, battlefield negotiations, your Commander being an old man, passing a letter to an enemy officer in the middle of a battle, being friends with the enemy leader and not wanting him killed, despising the enemy leader and wanting him killed and one of my favourites ‘A Good Day to Die’ which involves your Commander getting killed in melee combat.

evacuation of Hanover. This disaster forced the French government to send more troops to the German front, where they were met with further defeats. Consequently, France’s overseas empire was neglected. No substantial reinforcements were sent to Canada thereafter. The American colonies meanwhile greeted a steady flow of reinforcements arriving from Britain, such as the 17th, 77th, and 78th (the latter two both Highland) regiments in 1757. The following year the 15th, 28th, 58th, and 62nd line infantry regiments, as well as more gunners, joined the army already in place. In addition, a light infantry regiment, the 80th, was raised, bringing the regular British army in North America to approximately 23,000 men. American troops raised in the various “provinces” and serving full-time from the spring to the late fall of each year represented another 22,000 officers and men in the field during 1758. Additional to these provincial troops were about 200,000 American colonial Evacuation of Fort Duquesne, November 1758. (Print after W. Snyder. Private collection. Author’s photo) Halkett, Col Francis 25, 40 Hampshire County skirmishes 17 Hay, CaptLt David 34 Indian nations relations with British colonies 18, 19–20, 31, 34–35, 68–69 relations with French colonies 7–8, 10, 19-20, 21, 60–61 Indian warriors 9, 10, 12, 17, 72–73 Iroquois nation 10, 20, 35, 72 Isle Royale 5, 6, 7, 8 see also Louisbourg Tomahawk and Musket – French and Indian Raids in the Ohio Valley 1758 A British brass light 12-pounder cannon on its carriage, 1750s. This was the largest type of gun brought by the army that marched towards Fort Duquesne. (Reproduction. Fort Ligonier Museum, Ligonier, Pennsylvania. Author’s photo)Muskets & Tomahawks is a set of rules for recreating skirmishes during the major wars of the 18th and 19th centuries.

Examples of the specialised scenarios in the expansion are Massacre, a scenario about a raiding force killing civilians. Raid, a scenario about destroying buildings. Capture, a scenario about capturing buildings. Exploration, a scenario about tagging the table edge and retreating. Battle, the basic kill points scenario. Visit Fort Ligonier for a surprisingly great collection of top notch artifacts and paintings from the period as well as a painstakingly reconstructed period fort. Origins Skirmish in Hampshire County, West Virginia, Spring 1756. In the early part of the war, the French, Canadians, and their allied Indians prevailed on the frontier. However, the Colonial Americans did have the occasional success against these raiders. In the spring of 1756, Virginia Militia Captain Jeremiah Smith of Albemarle County arrived in Hampshire County, Virginia, then on the western edge of settlement and today part of West Virginia. He was just in time: “...a party of about 50 Indians, with a French captain at their head, crossed the Allegheny Mountains... Capt. Smith raised a party of twenty brave men, marched to meet this...foe, and fell in with them at the head of the Capon River, when a fierce and bloody battle was fought. Smith killed the captain with his own hand; five other Indians have fallen...they gave way and fled.” Episodes such as this were repeated scores of times in the frontier countiesA view of Fort Bedford’s northwest side, summer of 1758. As can be seen in this painting by Nat Youngblood, there is a lot of activity outside of the fort. (Fort Pitt Museum, Pittsburg. Author’s photo) British and American troops, ordnance, ammunition, and supply wagons moving on Forbes Road, built across Pennsylvania during the summer and fall of 1758. (Painting by Nat Youngblood. Fort Pitt Museum, Pittsburg. Author’s photo.) Tomahawk and Musket – French and Indian Raids in the Ohio Valley 1758 edition. In any event, he later wrote to William Pitt that he had applied “the Generall principles upon which I have proceeded” from Turpin “regarding precautions by having posts along my route…” (CO 5/50). From late April, but especially during May, contingents gradually moved westward towards Raystown, 217 miles (349 km) from Philadelphia, where all units would regroup. Also heading there were up to 360 supply wagons as well the artillery. Forbes instructed Bouquet to go ahead to Raystown while he remained at Philadelphia with St. Clair to sort out various supply problems, then headed out in late June. Meanwhile, as he moved west, Bouquet found the existing road increasingly difficult and finally found it easier to built an entirely new one west of Fort Loudoun, and reached Fort Lyttleton (also spelled Littleton), which had been built by Pennsylvania