Dissolving Illusions: Disease, Vaccines, and The Forgotten History

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The present increase, I believe, is caused by a long-term, increasing trend in the incidence of the condition or disease we now call paralytic poliomyelitis. Without doubt, the increasing trend has been reduced to some extent by the Salk vaccine…If there were no other vaccine, complete vaccination of all susceptible persons in the population with Salk vaccine would be justifiable (Ratner, 1960, p. 89). In this paper quotes from Humphries and Bystrianyk’s book will be referenced as “(Humphries, p. __).” Note that Humphries uses extensive quotes in her book, so I will do the same. In the year 1927, for the first time, no case of variola major was reported in the USA, and apart from an outbreak in 1929 no further cases were notified until 1946. In that year a soldier returning from Japan introduced smallpox into Seattle, Washington, which resulted in an outbreak of 51 cases, with 16 deaths (Palmquist, 1947). In 1947 a man with undiagnosed haemorrhagic smallpox died in a Manhattan, New York, hospital. Twelve other persons were infected. La Storia del Dott Zimmerman e del suo cambio di opinione da provax sui vaccini❗ – LaVeritaOccultata Rassegna di Articoli – Liberta'– No Green Pass – No Vaccini on Neurologist Andrew Zimmerman Fired by DOJ for Change of Opinion

We used logistic regression with data for 10 207 individuals from the 1970 British Cohort study. Breast-feeding data were collected at five years of age, and information on clinical measles infection, as well as socio-economic measures was collected at the age of ten years. c) A paper on delayed reflexes in newborn primates who received the thimerosal-containing Hep B vaccine, a questionable study funded by anti-vaccine activists which too has been debunked In Part 2, I will discuss in more depth changing definitions of paralysis, labs, and differential diagnoses; but as should be clear from the above: During the 1920s in the United States, 100,000–200,000 cases of diphtheria (140–150 cases per 100,000 population) and 13,000–15,000 deaths were reported each year. In 1921, a total of 206,000 cases and 15,520 deaths were reported. The number of cases gradually declined to about 19,000 in 1945 (15 per 100,000 population). A more rapid decrease began with the widespread use of diphtheria toxoid in the late 1940s ( CDC. Pink Book. Diphtheria). Approximately 24% of polio infections in children consist of a minor, nonspecific illness without clinical or laboratory evidence of central nervous system invasion. This clinical presentation is known as abortive poliomyelitis, and is characterized by complete recovery in less than a week. This is characterized by a low grade fever and sore throat.

The practice among doctors before 1954 was to diagnose all patients who experienced even short-term paralysis (24 hours) with “polio.” In 1955, the year the Salk vaccine was released, the diagnostic criteria became much more stringent. If there was no residual paralysis 60 days after onset, the disease was not considered to be paralytic polio. This change made a huge difference in the documented prevalence of paralytic polio because most people who experience paralysis recover prior to 60 days. Dr. Greenberg said: Polio’s special status was due, in large part, to the efforts of a remarkable group, the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis [the formal name for the March of Dimes], which employed the latest techniques in advertising, fund raising, and motivational research to turn a horrific but relatively uncommon disease into the most feared affli Dr Humphries completely misrepresents the study. She concludes somewhat simplistically that an “absence of rash” after measles vaccination signifies an “absence of cellular immune responses” to the virus which in turn leads to degenerative disease later on in life. However, contrary to the 1980s, we do not need to speculate about whether the measles vaccine stimulates cellular immunity or not — we can measure it. The measles vaccine stimulates a full adaptive immune response, involving both antibody mediated and cell-mediated immunity:

The classic symptoms of pertussis are a paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whoop, and fainting, or vomiting after coughing. The cough from pertussis has been documented to cause subconjunctival hemorrhages, rib fractures, urinary incontinence, hernias, and vertebral artery dissection. Violent coughing can cause the pleura to rupture, leading to a pneumothorax [lung collapse]. Firstly establishing the historical record of abysmal sanitation and living conditions at the turn of the century, and secondly reviewing the mortality data from infectious disease in the public record, Dr Suzanne Humphries makes a compelling argument that infectious disease was conquered by improved sanitation and nutrition, and not by vaccination programs which were either ineffective, or actually increased the mortality. Complications of smallpox [variola major] include bacterial infections of the skin and other organs, pneumonia, generalized sepsis, destructive arthritis in young children and arthropathies, corneal ulceration resulting in blindness, keratitis, osteomyelitis, and encephalitis. The latter, present in approximately 1 in 500 cases (Kennedy, 2018, p.1003). So, with further data, based on the criteria for paralysis that Greenberg used to adjust the earlier data, where he concluded the vaccine reduced the incidence of cases, with additional data, his original conclusion not only was right, but proved even more valid. How did Humphries miss this? Prior to the antibiotic era, due to a 10% to 20% case-fatality rate, typhoid was a much feared disease. Beginning with chloramphenicol in 1948, the case-fatality rate plummeted to below 1% (Levine, 2018).Dr. Suzanne Humphries: New Israeli polio vaccine campaign is not science-based. Posted on August 29, 2013 by The Refusers By 1894 an antitoxin with therapeutic qualities had been developed, and two decades later an effective means of immunizing children became available with the introduction of the toxin-antitoxin. Yet the precise role played by both in reducing mortality from diphtheria is ambiguous…There is some evidence that the emergence of a dominant strain of mitis [ Editor’s note: a variant of the bacterium that caused a relatively mild form of the disease] reduced the virulence of the disease. Antitoxin serum may therefore have merely assisted a natural decline of the disease already under way. During the 1920s …immunization campaigns probably led to the eventual disappearance of the disease by World War II (Grob, 2002, pp. 205-6).

People without antibodies can be completely protected from clinical illness by cellular immunity. Therefore antibody is a mere surrogate that has questionable significance (p 389). Figure 2: United States Measles Reported Cases and Deaths per 100,000 Population, 1912-1959 (from Langmuir, 1962, Figure 1). To prevent interference from latent transplacental antibodies, the measles vaccine is only given from 9 months onward. Passive antibodies decline before that age so that babies can form a successful immune response to the virus. Any hypothetical risk factors outlined in the 1985 study above are thus nullified.

Thus, typhoid fever, a mainly waterborne disease, was brought under control by public health measures with vaccinations protecting those traveling abroad and antibiotics those few unfortunate enough to become infected. Note that currently in the United States typhoid fever isn’t even included in the list of foodborne illnesses ( CDC, 2016). Whooping cough (pertussis)