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The presence of the hydroxide ions means that you might expect ammonia solution to react with metal ions in the same way as sodium hydroxide solution. You start with a solution of your compound and then add a few drops of sodium hydroxide solution or ammonia solution. Note what happens. Magnesium ions give a white precipitate insoluble in excess in both sodium hydroxide or ammonia solution.

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grades 9–12 K12 advanced subsidiary chemistry course etc. and help you to identify unknown inorganic and organic This reaction speed test is not very scientific, but just for fun and practice. How to do time reaction test

There are two useful short pieces of video showing what happens in these reactions. They look at the aluminium ion reactions first, followed by the zinc ion reactions. Calcium ions give a white precipitate insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide solution, but no precipitate or a very slight precipitate in ammonia solution. Most sulfates, including those of \(\ce{Na Note: The video shows some very poor practice by heating a solution in a test tube using a very hot Bunsen flame. That is asking for trouble because there is a real risk of hot solution spurting out of the tube. Liquids should never be heated in a test tube with anything other than a small blue flame with no blue cone in it. The next video shows these two reactions. If you look very closely at the ammonia one, you will see a slight trace of a precipitate.

These tests for metal ions are always done in solution and adding either sodium hydroxide solution or ammonia solution.

Remember that your speed on this test is the sum of the reaction time of your brain and the movement of your finger to press the button. This also works perfectly well if you add the sodium hydroxide solution to some solid containing ammonium ions and warm that mixture. The problem in the calcium case is that calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble - we use its dilute solution as lime water. Ammonia solution contains far fewer hydroxide ions than sodium hydroxide solution of the same concentration. So you don't form enough calcium hydroxide to form a reasonable precipitate.

You can test for ammonium ions either in a solid or in solution by adding sodium hydroxide solution and warming gently. With this test, you can compare the reaction time of one person at different times or compare the results of different people. So both of these give a white precipitate of the metal hydroxide and they both dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide to give a colourless solution.