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a b Selmke, Markus (2015). "Artificial halos". American Journal of Physics. American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). 83 (9): 751–760. Bibcode: 2015AmJPh..83..751S. doi: 10.1119/1.4923458. ISSN 0002-9505.

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Nepal skies graced with extraordinary 'circular rainbow' halo around sun". The Himalayan Times. 9 July 2015 . Retrieved 3 August 2016. Colourful light– With 45 multi-coloured LEDs, this Spiralight will add an exciting and inviting feel to the area. a b Vollmer, Michael; Tammer, Robert (1998-03-20). "Laboratory experiments in atmospheric optics". Applied Optics. The Optical Society. 37 (9): 1557-1568. Bibcode: 1998ApOpt..37.1557V. doi: 10.1364/ao.37.001557. ISSN 0003-6935. PMID 18268748. The earliest chemical recipes to generate artificial halos has been put forward by Brewster and studied further by A. Cornu in 1889.Even earlier than Bravais, the Italian scientist F. Venturi experimented with pointed water-filled prisms to demonstrate the circumzenithal arc. [22] [23] However, this explanation was replaced later by the CZA's correct explanation by Bravais. [17] Artificial Halo projected on a spherical screen. [24] [25] Visible are: Tangential arcs, Parry arcs, (sub)parhelia, parhelic circle, heliac arcs Atmospheric optics– Study of the optical characteristics of the atmosphere or products of atmospheric processes

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Atmospheric optical phenomena like halos were used as part of weather lore, which was an empirical means of weather forecasting before meteorology was developed. They often do indicate that rain will fall within the next 24 hours, since the cirrostratus clouds that cause them can signify an approaching frontal system. A 22° halo around the Sun, observed over Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, USA on February 13, 2021 A 22° halo and circumscribed halo around the Moon, observed in Chikkmagaluru, Karnataka, India From top to bottom: Artificial ice crystals have been employed to create halos which are otherwise unattainable in the mechanical approach via the use of glass crystals, e.g. circumzenithal and circumhorizontal arcs. [26] The use of ice crystals ensures that the generated halos have the same angular coordinates as the natural phenomena. Other crystals such as NaF also have a refractive index close to ice and have been used in the past. [27] Two axes [ edit ] The earliest experimental studies on halo phenomena have been attributed [16] to Auguste Bravais in 1847. [17] Bravais used an equilateral glass prism which he spun around its vertical axis. When illuminated by parallel white light, this produced an artificial Parhelic circle and many of the embedded parhelia. Similarly, A. Wegener used hexagonal rotating crystals to produce artificial subparhelia. [18] In a more recent version of this experiment, many more embedded parhelia have been found using commercially available [19] hexagonal BK7 glass crystals. [20] Simple experiments like these can be used for educational purposes and demonstration experiments. [13] [21] Unfortunately, using glass crystals one cannot reproduce the circumzenithal arc or the circumhorizontal arc due to total internal reflections preventing the required ray-paths when n < 2 {\displaystyle n<{\sqrt {2}}} . a b c d Selmke, Markus; Selmke, Sarah (2017). "Artificial circumzenithal and circumhorizontal arcs". American Journal of Physics. American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). 85 (8): 575–581. arXiv: 1608.08664. Bibcode: 2017AmJPh..85..575S. doi: 10.1119/1.4984802. ISSN 0002-9505. S2CID 118613833.

Further information: 22° halo and 46° halo Ice crystals (only four represented above) form the 22° halo, with red and blue light being refracted at slightly different angles. Gislén, Lars; Mattsson, Jan O (2007-10-16). "Tabletop divergent-light halos". Physics Education. IOP Publishing. 42 (6): 579–584. Bibcode: 2007PhyEd..42..579G. doi: 10.1088/0031-9120/42/6/003. ISSN 0031-9120. S2CID 122261149. Custom Dog Memorial Stake with Heart and Paw,Metal Dog Garden Stake Sign,Personalized Dog Name Yard Stake,Metal Dog Pet Memorial Marker While Aristotle had mentioned halos and parhelia, in antiquity, the first European descriptions of complex displays were those of Christoph Scheiner in Rome ( c. 1630), Johannes Hevelius in Danzig (1661), and Tobias Lowitz in St Petersburg ( c. 1794).