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These authors approach qualia from an empirical perspective and not as a logical or philosophical problem. They wonder how qualia evolved, and in doing so consider a skeptical point of view in which, since the objective scientific description of the world is complete without qualia, it is nonsense to ask why they evolved or what they are for. However they decide against this skeptical view. Kriegel, Uriah (2014). Kriegel, Uriah (ed.). Current controversies in philosophy of mind. New York, NY: Routledge. p.201. ISBN 978-0-415-53086-6. Ramachandran, V.S.; Hirstein, W. (1 May 1997). "Three Laws of Qualia: What Neurology Tells Us About the Biological Functions of Consciousness, Qualia and the Self" (PDF). Journal of Consciousness Studies. Imprint Academic. 4 (5–6): 429–58. Archived from the original on 6 August 2003. Biological perspective.
Ryle, Gilbert (1949). The concept of mind (Repr.ed.). Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Pr. p.215. ISBN 978-0-226-73296-1.Improves focus and attention: Acetyl-L-Carnitine improves concentration, both in kids with ADHD and adults who struggle with mental fatigue; [6][7] a b Lowe, Edward Jonathan (1996). Subjects of experience. Cambridge studies in philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge university press. p.101. ISBN 978-0-521-47503-7. Humans primarily absorb vitamin D directly through sunlight. You may not get enough vitamin D in the winter — or if you work indoors, don’t often leave the house, have darker skin, or are obese — leaving you feeling tired, moody, and achy. Considering about 42% of Americans have a vitamin D deficiency, adding vitamin D to your diet may improve your mood and energy levels. 22 And while low vitamin D levels are associated with a higher frequency of dementia, adding vitamin D doesn’t seem to make a difference in cognitive decline or dementia in general. 23 Based on the parsimony principle of Occam's razor, one could accept epiphenomenalism and deny qualia since they are not necessary for a description of the functioning of the brain. However, they argue that Occam's razor is not useful for scientific discovery. [40] For example, the discovery of relativity in physics was not the product of accepting Occam's razor but rather of rejecting it and asking the question of whether a deeper generalization, not required by the currently available data, was true and would allow for unexpected predictions. Most scientific discoveries arise, these authors argue, from ontologically promiscuous conjectures [ clarification needed] that do not come from current data.
Abstract" - it is unclear whether you are in touch with a concrete object (for example, someone may feel a pain in an amputated limb). If there are any minor stressors induced by too high of a dose (called the hormetic response, like getting a sunburn from being in the sun for too long)
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Michael Tye believes there are no qualia, no "veils of perception" between us and the referents of our thought. He describes our experience of an object in the world as "transparent", meaning that no matter what private understandings and/or misunderstandings we may have of something, it is still there before us in reality. The idea that qualia intervene between ourselves and their origins he regards as a "massive error. That is just not credible. It seems totally implausible [...] that visual experience is systematically misleading in this way." He continues: "the only objects of which you are aware are the external ones making up the scene before your eyes." [21] :46-47
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