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Main articles: Geography of the United Kingdom, Fauna of Great Britain, and Flora of Great Britain and Ireland Satellite image of the United Kingdom (excluding Shetland) This list of European countries by population comprises the 51 countries and 5 territories and dependencies in Europe, broadly defined, including Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Turkey, and the countries of the Caucasus. Travel medical insurance for Europe is not required for US citizens who do not need a visa to enter the Schengen zone. Nonetheless, it is highly recommended for travelers (both US citizens and non-US citizens) visiting Europe for business, tourism, and other purposes as well. Several pan-European institutions exist separate from the EU. The European Space Agency counts almost all EU member states in its membership, but it is independent of the EU and its membership includes nations that are not EU members, notably Switzerland, Norway and as a result of Brexit, the United Kingdom. The European Court of Human Rights (not to be confused with the European Court of Justice) is also independent of the EU. It is an element of the Council of Europe, which like ESA counts EU members and non-members alike in its membership. The European Political Community is an intergovernmental organization which was founded in 2022 and calls for greater cooperation among European nations, with 47 European states participating. In the decades-long process of European integration, the UK was a founding member of the Western European Union, established with the London and Paris Conferences in 1954. In 1960 the UK was one of the seven founding members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but in 1973 it left to join the European Communities (EC). In a 1975 referendum 67% voted to stay in it. [113] When the EC became the European Union (EU) in 1992, the UK was one of the 12 founding member states.
Greek, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Nordic Languages, and East European languages. (see also: Languages of Europe) a b Churchill, Winston (19 September 1946). Speech to the Academic Youth (Speech). Zürich, Switzerland . Retrieved 27 June 2019. As previously stated, if you were rejected from entering the Schengen Zone, despite being a US national or a national of a country that has established a visa-free regime with the European Union, you will need to apply for a Schengen visa in the United States. We must build a kind of United States of Europe. In this way only will hundreds of millions of toilers be able to regain the simple joys and hopes which make life worth living. [26] National annual estimate "Population and employment / IMSEE - Monaco IMSEE" (PDF). www.monacostatistics.mc.Excluding the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and City of Sevastopol, Ukraine's administrative areas on the Crimean Peninsula which are disputed with and de facto administered by Russia. However includes the entire population of territory in the Donbas region where there are ongoing insurgencies by separatist forces, and does not include any changes due to the Russian invasion in 2022. Zdanowski, Jerzy (2014). Middle Eastern Societies in the 20th Century. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p.11. ISBN 978-1443869591. After the First World War, Winston Churchill had seen continental Europe as a source of threats and sought to avoid the United Kingdom's involvement in European conflicts. On 15 February 1930, Churchill commented in the American journal The Saturday Evening Post that a "European Union" was possible between continental states, but without the United Kingdom's involvement:
Population of the 18 regions of France including overseas regions. Excluding Overseas Territories and Collectivities: French Polynesia, New Caledonia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Clipperton Island, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, Saint Pierre and Miquelon and Wallis and Futuna. Settlement by Cro-Magnons of what was to become the United Kingdom occurred in waves beginning by about 30,000 years ago. [53] By the end of the region's prehistoric period, the population is thought to have belonged largely to a culture termed Insular Celtic, comprising Brittonic Britain and Gaelic Ireland. [54] The Roman Baths in Bath, Somerset, are a well-preserved thermae from Roman Britain. The European Movement International is a lobbying association that coordinates the efforts of associations and national councils with the goal of promoting European integration, and disseminating information about it. [ citation needed] European Federalist Party [ edit ]Internationale Paneuropa Union – Union Paneuropeénne Internationale – International Paneuropean Union". Archived from the original on 15 February 2013 . Retrieved 15 February 2013. The United Kingdom lies between latitudes 49° and 61° N, and longitudes 9° W and 2° E. Northern Ireland shares a 224-mile (360km) land boundary with the Republic of Ireland. [137] The coastline of Great Britain is 11,073 miles (17,820km) long. [140] It is connected to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel, which at 31 miles (50km) (24 miles (38km) underwater) is the longest underwater tunnel in the world. [141] National estimate Statistică, Biroul Naţional de (January 1, 2021). "// Noutăţi". statistica.gov.md. The United Kingdom has evolved from a series of annexations, unions and separations of constituent countries over several hundred years. The Treaty of Union between the Kingdom of England (which included Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland in 1707 resulted in their unification to become the Kingdom of Great Britain. Its union in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Most of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which formally adopted its name in 1927. [m] The nearby Isle of Man, Guernsey and Jersey are not part of the UK, being Crown Dependencies, but the British government is responsible for their defence and international representation. [18] The prevailing wind is from the southwest and bears frequent spells of mild and wet weather from the Atlantic Ocean, [137] although the eastern parts are mostly sheltered from this wind. Since the majority of the rain falls over the western regions, the eastern parts are the driest. Atlantic currents, warmed by the Gulf Stream, bring mild winters, especially in the west where winters are wet and even more so over high ground. Summers are warmest in the southeast of England and coolest in the north. Heavy snowfall can occur in winter and early spring on high ground, and occasionally settles to great depth away from the hills. [146]
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