The Story of the B-52s: Neon Side of Town

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AGM-183A Air-Launched Rapid Response (ARRW) hypersonic missile and the future Long Range Stand Off (LRSO) nuclear-armed air-launched cruise missile will join the B-52 inventory in the future. [122] Engines [ edit ] USAF B-52H Stratofortress engines These are elemental bits of Underworld – scene, language, detail – that have shaped who I am as a person, as a writer, and yet that also reflect what I care about in a way that precedes their formalisation into language, into art.

The B-52 set many records over the next few years. On 26 September 1958, a B-52D set a world speed record of 560.705 miles per hour (487.239kn; 902.367km/h) over a 10,000 kilometers (6,200 miles; 5,400 nautical miles) closed circuit without a payload. The same day, another B-52D established a world speed record of 597.675 miles per hour (519.365kn; 961.865km/h) over a 5,000 kilometers (3,100 miles; 2,700 nautical miles) closed circuit without a payload. [145] On 14 December 1960, a B-52G set a world distance record by flying unrefueled for 10,078.84 miles (8,758.27nmi; 16,220.32km); the flight lasted 19 hours 44 minutes (510.75mph or 821.97km/h). [146] From 10 to 11 January 1962, a B-52H (60-40) set a world distance record by flying unrefueled, surpassing the prior B-52 record set two years earlier, from Kadena Air Base, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, to Torrejón Air Base, Spain, which covered 12,532.28 miles (10,890.25nmi; 20,168.75km). [63] [147] The flight passed over Seattle, Fort Worth and the Azores. On 9 May 1961, the B-52H began to be delivered to the USAF with cleaner burning and quieter Pratt & Whitney TF33-P-3 turbofans with a maximum thrust of 17,100 pounds-force (76kN). [101] Engine retrofit [ edit ] New Single Juliet of the Spirits". Archived from the original on June 11, 2008 . Retrieved August 12, 2016.

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Defense Science Board Task Force on B-52H Re-Engining" (PDF). Defense Science Board. June 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2017 . Retrieved 2 July 2017. Tragically, some believe all these deaths were largely in vain, with historians to this day debating the extent of the operation’s influence on the wider conflict.

Mandeles, Mark D (March 1998). The Development of the B-52 and Jet Propulsion: A Case Study in Organizational Innovation (PDF). Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Air University Press. LCCN 98014703. Bailey, Carl E. "325 Weapons Squadron (ACC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. USAF. Archived from the original on 11 June 2010. At some point after day eight of the bombings, North Vietnam informed the US it was ready to resume peace talks in Paris.In a study for the USAF in the mid-1970s, Boeing investigated replacing the engines, changing to a new wing, and other improvements to upgrade B-52G/H aircraft as an alternative to the B-1A, then in development. [124] On 17 January 1966, a fatal collision occurred between a B-52G (58‑0256) from 68th Bombardment Wing out of Seymour Johnson AFB and a KC-135 Stratotanker (61-0273) over Palomares, Almería, Spain, killing all four on the tanker and three of the seven on the B-52G. The two unexploded B-28 FI 1.45-megaton-range nuclear bombs on the B-52 were eventually recovered; the conventional explosives of two more bombs detonated on impact, with serious dispersion of both plutonium and uranium, but without triggering a nuclear explosion. After the crash, 1,400 metric tons (3,100,000lb) of contaminated soil was sent to the United States. [268] [287] In 2006, an agreement was made between the United States and Spain to investigate and clean the pollution still remaining as a result of the accident. [288] Underworld is a novel, quite simply, about what was experienced in the United States in the second half of the 20th century. An era shaped by the advent and then cancellation of the Bretton Woods agreement. Nuclear proliferation. The withering away and relocation of American manufacturing, and the rise of global capitalism. Jazz. The Cuban missile crisis (through the voice, as DeLillo has it, of Lenny Bruce). Civil rights. The CIA. Bombs on university campuses. Artists on New York rooftops, and around them, the old industrial framework of bygone city life, something aesthetic and exotic, either marvelled at or ignored. Tex Johnston noted, "The B-52, like the B-47, utilized a flexible wing. I saw the wingtip of the B-52 static test airplane travel 32 feet (9.8m), from the negative 1-G load position to the positive 4-G load position." The flexible structure allowed "...the wing to flex during gust and maneuvering loads, thus relieving high-stress areas and providing a smoother ride." During a 3.5-G pullup, "The wingtips appeared about 35 degrees above level flight position." [49] Pre-production and production [ edit ] First flight of the B-52 Stratofortress on 15 April 1952 As production of the B-47 came to an end, the Wichita factory was phased in for B-52D production, with Seattle responsible for 101 D-models and Wichita 69. [69] Both plants continued to build the B-52E, with 42 built at Seattle and 58 at Wichita, [70] and the B-52F (44 from Seattle and 45 from Wichita). [71] For the B-52G, Boeing decided in 1957 to transfer all production to Wichita, which freed up Seattle for other tasks, in particular, the production of airliners. [72] Production ended in 1962 with the B-52H, with 742 aircraft built, plus the original two prototypes. [73] Upgrades [ edit ]

These modifications increased weight by nearly 24,000 pounds (11,000kg) and decreased operational range by 8–11%. This was considered acceptable for the increase in capabilities. [192] Because of the B-52's mission parameters, only modest maneuvers would be required with no need for spin recovery. The aircraft has a relatively small, narrow chord rudder, giving it limited yaw control authority. Originally an all-moving vertical stabilizer was to be used but was abandoned because of doubts about hydraulic actuator reliability. [99] Because the aircraft has eight engines, asymmetrical thrust due to the loss of an engine in flight would be minimal and correctable with the narrow rudder. To assist with crosswind takeoffs and landings the main landing gear can be pivoted 20 degrees to either side from neutral. [100] The crew would preset the yaw adjustable crosswind landing gear according to wind observations made on the ground. One B-52H is assigned to Edwards Air Force Base and is used by Air Force Materiel Command at the USAF Flight Test Center.In Hanoi, “the story of the events of late December 1972 was a tale, not of massive loss and destruction, but of heroic resistance by Northerners,” wrote the historian Asselin. When the B-52 entered service, the Strategic Air Command (SAC) intended to use it to deter and counteract the vast and modernizing Soviet Union's military. As the Soviet Union increased its nuclear capabilities, destroying or "countering" the forces that would deliver nuclear strikes (bombers, missiles, etc.) became of great strategic importance. [148] The Eisenhower administration endorsed this switch in focus; the President in 1954 expressed a preference for military targets over civilian ones, a principle reinforced in the Single Integrated Operation Plan (SIOP), a plan of action in the case of nuclear war breaking out. [149] SECAF certifies synthetic fuel blends for B-52H". United States Air Force. 7 August 2007 . Retrieved 1 March 2023.